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The Woodland Education Centre
The Heathland Restoration Project
Trialling different methods of management for heathland restoration.
Contents

wpe7A.jpg (7211 bytes)

Ecological Survey 2001

Plant Species List, by Section
with a comparison of species abundance,
measured as percentage frequency.

Summary

  • Percentage frequency = the percentage of the total number of quadrats sampled over the whole site which contain the species. For example, a percentage frequency of 100%, means that the species was found in all quadrats sampled.
  • Percentage frequencies have been rounded to the nearest whole number, except for those which are less than 1%.
  • A + sign indicates that the species was seen on the site, but was not found in any of the quadrats sampled.
  • Characteristic heath species are in bold text.

 

Site diagram and summary of section management methods here

SPECIES

COMMON NAME

% Freq

MOSSES

Section Number

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9
Atrichum undulatum 7 4 11 9
Campylopus atrovirens 4
Campylopus introflexus +
* Campylopus paradoxus. 6
Eurhynchium praelongum 91 70 47 25 69 94 75 64 41
* Hypnum jutlandicum 10 29 13 7 7 54 53
Isothecium myurum 7 0.5
Plagiothecium denticulatum 7 3
Polytrichum formosum 22 32 7 7 29 72 57 68
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus 4 12
Thuidium tamarascinum 41 54 22 13 53 43 47 32 65
FERNS
* Blechnum spicant

Hard Fern

16 4 + 9 + 7 4 18
Dryopteris carthusiana

Narrow Buckler Fern

35 22 7 4 7 3
Dryopteris felix-mas

Male Fern

4 +
Polypodium vulgare

Common Polypody

3
* Pteridium aquilinum

Bracken

29 4 + 15 18
ANGIOSPERMS
LILIACEAE
Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Bluebell

63 29 83 4
GRAMINAE
* Agrostis canina

Velvet Bent

29 7 4 23 39 29 21
* Agrostis capillaris

Common Bent

100 97 97 100 16 100 43 90 35
* Agrostis curtisii

Bristle Bent

+ + 6
Agrostis stolonifera

Creeping Bent

15
Agrostis vinealis

Brown Bent

6
Anisantha sterilis

Barren Brome

3
* Anthoxanthum odoratum

Sweet Vernal Grass

22 +
Arrhenatherum elatius

False Oat Grass

18 40
Dactylis glomerata

Cocksfoot

+ 7
Holcus lanatus

Yorkshire Fog

91 93 68 88 97 47 22 12
Molinia caerulea

Purple Moor-grass

+
CYPERACEAE
* Carex binervis

Green-ribbed Sedge

10 27 32 82 18
Carex flacca

Glaucous Sedge

7 21 4
Carex flava agg.

Yellow Sedges

4 40 13 18 +
Carex laevigata

Smooth-stalked Sedge

10 7 4 25 23 7 18
* Carex pilulifera

Pill Sedge

3 7 7 27 4 22 41
Carex sylvatica

Wood Sedge

3 7 7 39 7 18
JUNCACEAE
Juncus acutiflorus

Sharp-flowered Rush

+
Juncus conglomeratus

Compact Rush

10 15 18 58 10 15 11 21
* Juncus effusus

Soft Rush

7 7 14 6
* Luzula campestris

Field Woodrush

14 7 54 36 7
* Luzula multiflora

Heath Woodrush

7 17 18
Luzula pilosa

Hairy Woodrush

10 11 11 4 11 6
RANUNCULACEAE
Ranunculus repens

Creeping Buttercup

4

7

17 23
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum androsaemum

Tutsan

+ +
Hypericum perforatum

Perforate St John's-wort

+
* Hypericum pulchrum

Slender St John’s-Wort

11 18 17 3 52 18 68 12
VIOLACEAE
Viola riviniana

Common Dog-violet

7 47 86 88 3 94 32 22 3
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis acetosella

Wood Sorrel

22 14
PAPILIONACEAE
Lotus pedunculatus

Greater Bird’s Foot Trefoil

+ 57 42 3 49 7 4
* Ulex europaeus

Common Gorse

15 7 17 97 27 72 57 47
* Ulex gallii

Western Gorse

4 +
ROSACEAE
Fragaria vesca

Wild Strawberry

7
* Potentilla erecta

Tormentil

7 + 4 + 4 4 22 3
Potentilla sterilis

Barren Strawberry

8
Prunus sp.

Cherry

+ 4 4 10 13 14 29 27
* Rubus fruticosus agg

Bramble

48 75 86 71 100 13 65 57 91
Rubus idaeus

Raspberry

7 7 57 42 17 4 4
Sorbus aucuparia

Rowan

7 18 17 7 4 3
ONAGRACEAE
Chamaenerion angustifolium

Rosebay Willowherb

+
Circaea lutetiana

Enchanter’s Nightshade

19 11 17
Epilobium montanum

Broad-leaved Willowherb

7
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex aquifolium

Holly

4 + + 4
ARALIACEAE
Hedera helix

Ivy

16 36 3 6
FAGACEAE
Castanea sativa

Sweet Chestnut

+ + +
Fagus sylvatica.

Beech

3 +
Quercus sp.

Oak

3 7 18 + +
BETULACEAE
* Betula pendula

Silver Birch

10 + 25 29 35 16 47 32 71
CORYLACEAE
Corylus avellana

Hazel

+ 3
SALICACEAE
Salix aurita

Eared Willow

3 + 4 3
Salix caprea agg.

Goat Willow/Great Sallow

10 + 3
ACERACEAE
Acer pseudoplanatus

Sycamore

+
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus excelsior

Ash

+
ERICACEAE
* Calluna vulgaris

Heather (Ling)

+ 3 17 57 57 68
* Erica cinerea

Bell Heather

+ + 4 25 15 6
Rhododendron ponticum

Rhododendron

+ + 3 7 3
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia nemorum

Yellow Pimpernel

3 57 54 75 13 4 + 3
Primula vulgaris

Primrose

11 4
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Digitalis purpurea

Foxglove

3 7 +
Scrophularia nodosa

Common Figwort

4 + 4
Veronica chamaedrys

Germander Speedwell

11 38
Veronica montana

Wood Speedwell

3
Veronica officinalis

Heath Speedwell

11 32 25 75 14 15
LABIATEAE
Ajuga reptans

Bugle

7 40 58 36 64 7 4
Stachys sylvatica

Hedge Woundwort

4 33 42
Teucrium scorodonia

Wood Sage

13 36 18 9 + 29 +
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera periclymenum

Honeysuckle

3
RUBIACEAE
Galium palustre agg.

Marsh Bedstraw

4 15 17 3 7
COMPOSITAE
Arctium minus

Lesser Burdock

+ + +
Cirsium arvense

Field Thistle

+ + + +
Cirsium palustre

Marsh Thistle

+ 7 + 3 42 4 +
Eupatorium cannabinum

Hemp-agrimony

3 4 + 3 4
Hypochoeris radicata

Cat’s Ear

11 + 45 14 18
Leontodon autumnalis

Autumn Hawkbit

10 4
Senecio jacobaea

Ragwort

+ 4 4 +
Taraxacum officinale agg.

Dandelion

4 4 10 4
Number of Species 39 46 52 47 32 42 42 48 46
Number of Quadrats 24 21 21 18 24 23 21 21 34
Mean No. species per quadrat 8 10 12 11 6 12 10 10 9

 

Summary .... the data at a glance.

1.    Total number of different plant species recorded in all sections:

      92 species

2.   The dominant plants across the whole project area:

     Eurhynchium praelongum
     Thuidium tamarascinum

      Polytrichum formosum
      Bluebell - Hyacinthoides non-scripta
      Common Bent - Agrostis capillaris
      Yorkshire Fog - Holcus lanatus
      Bramble - Rubus fruticosus agg.
      Silver Birch -
Betula pendula
     
Common Dog-violet - Viola riviniana
     
European Gorse - Ulex europaeus
      Slender St John's Wort - Hypericum pulchrum
   
Heather - Calluna vulgaris
    
Yellow Pimpernel - Lysimachia nemorum
    
Bugle - Ajuga reptans

3.  Plants occurring across in every section of the Heathland Restoration Project site:

     Only 6 plants were found in every single section on the site. These were:     

Mosses:
Eurhynchium praelongum


Thuidium tamarascinum
Grasses:
Common Bent -
Agrostis capillaris

wpe8E.jpg (3384 bytes)

Herbs:
Violet -
Viola riviniana

wpe7A.jpg (1587 bytes)

 

Shrubs:
Bramble -
Rubus fruticosus agg.

wpe8A.jpg (2276 bytes)

Trees:
Silver Birch -
Betula pendula

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4.  The sections closest to a heathland habitat:

      Section 7 (spring brushcut, initial gorse and grass control)
      Section 8 (autumn brushcut, initial selective weed control)
      Section 9 (handweeding)

This is based on these sections having the greatest abundance of heath species such as Heather,         Bell Heather, gorse, bramble, Tormentil, Silver Birch, Pill Sedge, Bristle Bent and mosses such as      Hypnum jutlandicum.

5.   Rhododendron is present in over half of the sections:

This highly invasive non-native species which formerly covered the Heathland Restoration Project site is gradually appearing again. There is a constant source of reinfestation from the seed bank in the soil which will contain millions of seeds. Without the control provided by the brushcutting regimes, within the space of one or two decades at the most, rhododendron would once more dominate the area.

6.  Sections containing the most remnant woodland species:

Sections 1 - 4 looking south from section 5.  

Sections 1- 4. These sections are the ones most influenced by adjacent woodland. This leads to marked differences in microclimate in this region of the Heathland Restoration project (cooler, shadier, more humid).

Woodland species concentrated in this area include: Bluebells (visible left), Wood Sorrel, Wood Speedwell, Enchanters Nightshade and Oak.

The project site was formerly covered in conifer woodland with a rhododendron understory. It is bounded by deciduous woodland to the west, with small areas also to the east. The site's wooded history and the adjacent woodland habitat means that there is a constant source of seed from woodland species both fresh each year, as well as remaining in the seedbank in the soil.

7.  The section with the highest species diversity:

Section 3 (autumn brushcut)

8.  The section with the lowest species diversity:

wpe92.jpg (2022 bytes) Section 5 (control strip - no management) This section is dominated by gorse, bramble and tree saplings which shade out many of the other smaller plants.

 

>> Continue to Section Descriptions

 

 

Ecological Survey 2001
Contents